Marc Antonys Speech In Caesar Essays - Julius Caesar,

Marc Antony's Speech In Caesar In just a few words, a complete portrait of a character can be formed. As in all Shakespearean drama, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is masterful in its technique of characterization and eloquence. In Marc Antony's famous speech to the plebeians after Caesar's death, he repeatedly states that ?Brutus is an honorable man? (3.2.89). The quote, which can be taken both on a literal and nonliteral level, reveals much about the character of Brutus. Not only does Antony's quote point, obviously, to the fact that Brutus is seen as an honorable man, but in its tone and application, it also raises questions as to whether this honor is duly placed. Marcus Brutus is seen by all of Rome, including himself, as an upstanding man of the state. He has learned to take pride in his reputation and is eager to use his distinguished status to every possible advantage. After Caesar's assasination, Brutus gains the attention of the people by asking them to ?Believe [him] for [his] honor and have respect to [his] honor that [they] may believe? (3.2.14-16). He knows that he is seen as possessing nobility and uses this image to sway the minds of the commoners. Since he is honorable, after all, then all of his decisions must also be both honorable and true. Antony, however, sees the self-important side of Brutus that has developed. He notices Brutus' unassuming hubris and uses it against him. Through repeatedly stating the idea that ?Brutus is an honorable man? in his speech, and then pointing out the fact that Brutus is claiming to be so ?honorable? because he murdered Caesar, Antony quickly dissuades the people from Brutus' line of thought to his own. Although it is apparent that Brutus is perceived as a respectable member of the Roman community, this respect by the people is not strong enough to hold when Brutus takes his supposed moral obligations too far and murders his friend. Brutus' reputation, although sound, is not sound enough to cover such blatantly faulty motives: motives that serve his own conceited conscience rather than serving the concerns and fears of the citizens of Rome. Antony may have also noticed (and be using the knowledge in his speech) that Cassius' flattery, as well as the flattery of the other conspirators, has finally made its mark on Brutus. From the beginning of act one, Cassius attempts to lure Brutus into the Caesar assassination plot through flattery. ?Why should [Caesar's] name be sounded more than yours Cassius asks Brutus (1.2.143). ?Weigh them,? Cassius says, ?Brutus?, ?is as heavy; conjure with ?em, ?Brutus' will start a spirit as soon as ?Caesar'? (1.2.146-147). For a man of such nobility, it is strange that Brutus reacts so considerably to the praise that Cassius so easily offers. Brutus never questions Cassius' reasons for the murder conspiracy. He sees them as true. The only predicament he has in killing Caesar lies solely in the idea that Caesar is his friend--not that Caesar does not possess the characteristics of ambition that Cassius convinces Brutus are viable reasons for conspiracy. Since Brutus' image of himself has gain ed in intensity through the flattery of others, he comes to the point that he sees no wrong in his actions because they do come from such an upstanding member of Rome--himself. Brutus allows his self-assuredness to balloon into conceit, and, no doubt, sets himself to be trapped by Antony's speech to the plebeians. Brutus believes that all men who respect his dignity must share the same values as himself. He loves Caesar, but since Caesar does not share the same ideals for Rome that Brutus does, Brutus finds sufficient reason to slay him. Antony states that ?all the conspirators save only [Brutus] did what they did in envy of great Caesar? (5.5.69-70). Brutus in no way envies Caesar. He is merely afraid of Caesar's growing power and how Caesar may attempt a dictatorship in Brutus? beloved Rome. However, since Cassius appears to uphold the same standards as himself, Brutus states ?that [Cassius] does love [him], [he] is nothing jealous? (1.2.163). Since he is allegedly so ?honorable,? Brutus believes that only those with values in line with his are worth his complete

St Patricks College Essay Example

St Patricks College Essay Example St Patricks College Essay St Patricks College Essay Belonging extended response The statement understanding nourishes belonging a lack of uderstanding prevents demonstrates how to truly belong to something you must first have an understanding of what you want to belong to. A sense of belonging is an integral part of the human condition, and intrinsic to the development of identity, in a number of ways. Peter Skryzneckis St Patricks College and Postcard illustrates how individual identity is influenced by belonging. Peter Cowans short story ironically named School uses contrasting techniques and contradictions to show how event though you may belong in one environment you may not in another. These texts emphasize how a sense of belonging can impact in a wide variety of ways on the particular individual. St. Patricks college explores the personas disassociation with his school. The connection he feels with the school are solely the superficial feautures of routine and uniform. The poet makes it clear from the beginning how he feels alienated from the school that his mother insists on him going to, after being caught up in the superficial aspects of the school impressed by the uniform of her employers sons. The only connection he feels is through the superficial features of uniform and routine. At the very start the poet makes clear the personas alienation as it is his mothers desire to the school taken in by the same superficial features, impressed by the uniform of her employers sons. Sckrzynecki makes clear the personas lack of connection from the very beginning. The poet uses impersonal, voices at bus-stops, litanies and hymns, to show emphasis on the distance the persona feels between himself and the school. This delineation is furthered through the technique of a simile, like a foreign tourist, accentuating not only his sense of exclusion, but also his cultural differences. This is additionally emphasised by the insecurty created by the diction uncertain causing the reader to empathise with the alienation experienced by the persona. Sckrzynecki illustrates that despite his continuous efforts learnt my conjugations and christian decorum for homework, the persona still feels no spiritual or emotional connection with the school. The poet emphasises this point through the ominous tone of the darkness around me, experienced by the persona. The tone amplifies the lack of affiliation the persona feels with the school. The poet changes the tone of the poem by implementing humour when the persona confuses the school motto with a bar of soap, to further highlight the personas disassociation. he motto becomes ironic, as it is not until school that he succeeds. The irony symbolises the fact that the persona was unable to achieve a sense of belonging at the school and in hand was unable to achieve a sense of purpose and fulfilment at the school. Sckrzyneckis postcard is a prime example of how to belong to something you must first understand it. The poem explores the personas trapped feeling, caught between his polish heritag e and Australian upbringing. The poem explores the sense of the persona never truly understanding his background so feeling that he could never truly belong in contrast to st Patricks college where the main persona felt disconnected even once having a good understanding into that certain culture. The persona feels no affiliation claiming Warsaw, old town i never knew. This distances himself from his heritage. The defintive diction of never only amplifies his alienation from his past culture. The poet uses the rhetorical question exclaiming in a tone of exasperation whats my choice to be? to demonstrate the inner battle within the persona as he tries to resolve the struggle between his two cultures. The persona thus reflects how a lack of belonging can cause a sense of both confusion and sensation of being lost. The inecsapabilityof the personas dilemma is emphasised throught the again negative diction of haunts. The egative connotation of the word serves to amplify the need to reconcile the two cultures. This id ea is accentuated in the definitive diction of the final line we will meet again leaving the reader unsure as to whether or not the persona will ever sold his troubling dilemma. There are many ways in which a piece of literature can be read and interpreted the short story School by Peter Cowan is one that incorporates reading practices and assumptions. School shows the personas contrasting situation as he feels like he competely belongs in one environment and in another completely on the outside. Red pencil corrections, and they were nothing, related to nothing he knew the people and the town and when he did something they listened and anwered these two statements taken from two conflicting times in the short story show well the different situation the persona finds himself in. The beginning of the story shows great relation to Schryzneckis St patricks College as he seems to just be doing the minmum required from him but never really feeling attached to his school. The story also shares similarities to theme of Post card as both personas desire to be somewhere, one of the situations to feel more connected to thier heritage and in the other to be in a place were they feel more comfortable and welcomed. The above texts depict a range of characters in very different situations but at the same time all experiencing a sense of belonging in one way or another. Althought the ways in which the characters experience belonging is very different, all the texts illustrate the importance of having an understanding into the cultural group they find themselves in for them to have a better chance of belonging. Both Schyzneckis poems show different situations but a similar outcome as in both the persona never feels like he truly belongs. Peter Cowans Short story demonstrates how some people are suited to some environments and will never be suited to others.

Essay and short questions about western civilization - 1

And short questions about western civilization - Essay Example The high level of organized governance that is the major feature of the western civilization can for example be traced to the Greek civilization whose governance was based on political aspects. This politics developed to form an essential foundation of the western democratic based governance systems. The same effect emanated from the ancient Roman civilization. Intellectual capacity into development of technology is another aspect of the early civilization that formed foundations of western civilization. Observed, for example in the Greek civilization, intellectual potentials in conjunction with artistic abilities was the foundation of crude technologies that have been refined and modified for application in the western civilization’ high level of technological applications. Examples are the instruments that facilitated agrarian revolution. Specialization and division of labor are other characteristics of the western civilization that developed from crude concepts of ancient civilizations. The Egyptians’ civilization for instance observed specialization in roles by gender that designed specific roles to females and males. Though western civilization does not rely on gender, it has established specialization and division of labor based on individuals’ capacities and needs in work environments. The western civilization is therefore an evolution from the ancient civilizations. It incorporated characteristics of various ancient civilizations such as political governance, technology, and specialization, and refined them to higher levels of efficiency (Spielvogel, p. xiv). The early civilization developed because of advancements in agricultural practices. Its development majorly occurred between 3000 B.C. and 1000 B.C. along riverbanks with fertile soils. Examples are river Nile, river Euphrates, river Tigris, and river India (Spielvogel, p. 7). Alexander had outstanding military features. He was for example tactical and could effectively organize his

Should we shop until we drop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Should we shop until we drop - Essay Example Victor Lebow gave the solution that â€Å"Our enormously productive economy†¦demands that we make consumption our way of life that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption†¦we need things consumed, burned up, replaced and discarded at an ever-accelerating rate† (Leonard and Conrad, pp. 215). Therefore, the current wave of materialism and consumerism is not natural but something, which was planned. According to a research conducted in the start of the century, American households are currently spending 1.22 US dollars for every 1 dollar earned. There is all the probability that this difference, considering the historical and currents trends in consumerism, would have increased (Woolf, pp. 124-125). Therefore, the point here is that there are no doubts that with a systematic and strategic process, Americans have become a nation who have lost their inner self worth and the only way to gain the same has become through publicizing our ownership of goods and materials. Everyday, we find ourselves in a silent war with ourselves, forcing us to buy more, consume more and stock more so that our neighbors could see our superior lifestyle (Kukathas, pp. 85-89). Deeds, ethical norms, morality, dignity, achievements, intelligence and others are quickly fading away as the measures for one’s identity and social status. We do not know or picture others with their names and achievements but with what they own and what they have the potential to buy, the boy with iPhone 4, the woman with Porsche, the man with limo and so on. Therefore, we are not we are but we are what others think we are. As Leonard and Conrad mention in their book, â€Å"That is why, after 9/11, when our country was in shock, President Bush could have suggested any number of appropriate things: to grieve, to pray, to hope. NO, and He said to shop.43 TO SHOP† (Leonard and Conrad, pp. 215). Que stion # 2 – Consequences of our love for consumerism If our love for consumerism was only destroying our disturbing our own lives then this should never have been a problem at all. However, the problem here is that this is not only we are destroying our selves, our societies, communities and nations but the entire planet (Woolf, pp. 124-125). Leonard and Conrad in their book come up with a few examples on how the entire planet is paying the price for our love of products and materials. For making products such as rubber, furniture, paper and others, we have destroyed more than 80 percent of the world’s forest. More importantly, we are losing our rainforests. Once, rainforests covered more than 16 percent of the total land but today that percentage is less than six. Furthermore, the destruction rate is so high that we are losing 75 acres of rainforests every minute (Woolf, pp. 124-125). More than 25 percent of the current drugs sold in the America and Europe come from t he ingredients derived from rainforests. The loss that we are incurring to the human king becomes clear examining the statistics. Leonard and Conrad quote, â€Å"And the plants and other life we have discovered so far are just the beginning; most scientists estimate that only 1 percent of the species that exist in the rainforest (and only there) have been identified and examined for their beneficial properties†

Routed vs Routing Protocols Essay Example for Free

Routed vs Routing Protocols Essay Routing is the process of choosing paths in a network and deciding the path on which it is supposed to be sent. It is carried out on many communication systems, like phone and Internet. In switch networking, routing provides data forwarding and the transportation of reasonably located packets initial locations toward their final destinations working on the foundation of layer 3 of the OSI Model; usually hardware systems called routers and bridges are used. Normal computers can also carry out routing, but cannot do so because of being an un-dedicated hardware for this purpose, and may undergo failure (Odorn, Rus Donohue, 2009). Routed vs. Routing Protocols: Routing Protocols are the software that permits routers to broadcast and know about routes, deciding on accessibility the path to be followed and following the best routes to a target. The internet codes of collection include Ciscos Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Routing Information Protocol (RIP and RIP II) and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). The procedure followed in transferring information in a networking system is known as routing. Inside a network, every user is openly reachable and does not require passing data via default gateway. All the users in network are connected and can converse directly with each other. Routed Protocols only transports data transversely over the networks and nothing more than that. Routed protocols include Internet Protocol, Xerox Network System (XNS), Open Standards Institute networking protocol, Novell IPX, DECnet etc (Odorn, Rus Donohue, 2009). Classful vs. Classless Protocols: Classful routing protocols do not send subnet disguised data through their routing modernization. A classful routing protocol will react in any two ways when getting a route: If the router has a straight connected boundary of the same main network, it will apply the same subnet disguise but if the router does not belong to the identical network, classful subnet pretense will be applied to the to the route. Classful protocols include Routing Information Protocol (RIPv1). Classless protocols send the subnet pretense by means of their updates so; Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs) are permitted when classless protocol is in use, it includes Routing Information Protocol (RIPv2) and Ciscos Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). Distance Vector vs. Link State Protocols: Distance Vector and Link State are expressions used to explain routing protocols used by routers to transfer packets among networks. Distance is the charge of getting to a place, generally based on the number of points the course goes from beginning to end, or the check points present during the whole course while vector from the perspective of routing protocols is the boundary that traffic will be advanced to arrive at the respective target of network at that path; while the path is selected by the routing protocol so the Distance Vector Protocols make use of a process calculation and also a departing network border usually a vector for selecting the finest course to an objective network. Then the protocols like IPX, SPX and IP transmit information via best routes. Link State protocols follow the position and connection kind of every link and construct a planned metric based on these factors, including some positioned by the network superintendent. Link state protocols are familiar with whether a link is up or down and at what speed it should be sent in order to get there on time. As routing protocols decipher how to reach the target we can take link states as being the status of the line on the router. Link State protocols go on the route that has more hops, but at a high speed which is more than the one which takes a less hopping path (Odorn, Rus Donohue, 2009). However the distance vectors are well supported and they include Routing Information Protocol (RIP). Conclusion: It is said that differentiating between Switching and Routing can be difficult, therefore in simple terms it can be elucidated that switching and routing are not the identical things. Switching comprises of transferring packets among devices on the similar network. On the contrary, routing includes the moving of packets between diverse networks. So these networking processes are useful in transferring data packets from one destination point to the other and therefore require better routing protocols and router to do it efficiently and in a better way. References: Odorn, W. , Rus, H. Donohue, D. , (2009), CCIE Routing and Switching Certification Guide, 4th edn, Cisco Press, USA. (Odorn, Rus Donohue, 2009)

The Taming of the Shrew Essay: The Taming of Katherina -- Taming Shrew

The Taming of the Shrew: Katherina - the Woman Formerly Known as Shrew    The Katherina that gives the final speech in The Taming of the Shrew is quite a departure from the Katherina we were introduced to in Act I. This new Kate is modest, quiet and obedient. All of these qualities were not present until Act V. Such a profound personality change prompts the questions how this happened and what purpose do her changes serve?    The answer to the first question, how did this happen, is simple to answer: Petruchio has tamed her. His taming tactics are comparable to that of a military officer and a patient mentor: He is ruthless and unwilling to bend the rules in order to make her learn, however, he is content to let her learn at her own pace. The text for his lessons is Kate's own temper, actions and words. By spewing her deeds back into her face at an unrelenting pace, she is forced to see how ridiculous she has been acting, and it is at this point that the transformation begins.    Due to the nature of Petruchio's teachings, The Taming of the Shrew can be see...

Organizational Environments and Cultures

————————————————- PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT ————————————————- CHAPTER 3: ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS AND CULTURES 1. HOW CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS AFFECT ORGANIZATIONS Environmental change: The rate at which a company’s general and specific environment changes * Stable environments: the rate of environmental change is slow * Dynamic environments: the rate of environmental change is fast * Punctuated equilibrium theory: companies go through long periods of stability, followed by a short complex period of dynamic change (revolutionary periods) to later return to stability * Environmental complexity: Refers to the number and intensity of external factors in the environment that affect organizations * Simple environments: few environmental factors Complex environmen ts: many environmental factors * Resource scarcity: Refers to the abundance or shortage of critical organizational resources in an organization external environment * Uncertainty: How well managers can understand or predict the external changes and trends affecting their business * Uncertainty is lowest when environmental change and complexity are at low levels and resource scarcity is small (if environment is not too complicated and doesn’t change much it’s easy to predict) . FOUR COMPONENTS OF GENERAL ENVIRONMENT: 1. Economy * It influences basic business decisions such as whether to hire more employees, expand production, or take out loans to purchase * In a growing economy more products are bought and sold, more people work and salaries rise; and viceversa (in shrinking economy) * Business Confidence Indices: shows how confidente actual managers are about future business growth 2. Political/Legal Trends Includes legislation, regulations, and court decisions that go vern and regulate business behaviour * New laws and regulations continue to impose additional responsibilities to companies 3. Sociocultural Trends * Demographic characteristics, general behaviour, attitudes and beliefs of people in a particular society 4. Technological Trends * Refers to the knowledge, tools and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs 3. FIVE COMPONENTS OF SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTThe specific environment is the environment that is unique to a firm’s industry and that directly affects the way it conducts day-to-day business. 1. Customer: * Monitoring customer’s changing wants and needs is critical to business success. It can be done in two ways: i. Reactive customer monitoring: identifying and addressing customer trends and problems after they occur ii. Proactive customer monitoring: identifying and addressing customer needs, trends and issues before they occur 2. Competitor: Companies need to keep close track of what their competitors are doing * To do so, they perform a competitive analysis * A competitive analysis involves deciding who your competitors are, anticipating competitors’ moves, and determining competitors’ strenghts and weaknesses 3. Supplier: * Supplier dependence: the degree to which a company relies on that supplier because of the importance of the supplier’s product to the company * Buyer dependence: the degree to which a supplier relies on a buyer because of the importance of that buyer to the supplier’s sales * A igh degree of supplier or buyer dependence can lead to oportunistic behaviour (benefiting at the expense of the other) * In contrast, relationship behaviour focuses on establishing a mutually beneficial, long-term relationship between buyers and suppliers 4. Industry Regulations: * Regulations and rules that govern the practices and procedures of specific industries, businesses and professions * Unlike the political/legal component of the general environment, this doe s not affect all businesses 5. Advocacy Groups: These are groups of concerned citizens who band together to try to influence the business practices of specific industries, businesses and professions * e. g. environmental advocacy groups try to influence manufacturers to pollute less * Ways in which advocacy groups can influence businesses: iii. Public communications: voluntary participation of media industry to send out the group’s message iv. Media advocacy: involves framing the group’s concern as public issues that affect everyone, forcing media coverage v.Product boycott: advocacy groups actively try to persuade consumers not to purchase a company’s product or service 4. MAKING SENSE OF CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS Because external environments can be dynamic, confusing and complex, managers use a three-step process to make sense of the changes in their external environments: 1. Environmental scanning: * Searching the environment for important events or issues that might affect the organization * Manager scan the environment to reduce incertainty 2.Interpreting Environmental factors: * After scanning, the company determines what environmental events and issues mean to the organization. * Distinguish environmental events as either threats or opportunities 3. Actiong on threats and opportunities: * Managers decide how to respond to these environmental factors * Because it is impossible to comprehend all the factors and changes, managers rely on Cognitive maps that summarize the perceived relationships between environmental factors and possible organizational actions 5.INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTS – ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE Organizational culture is the set of beliefs, values and attitudes shared b members of an organization. * Creating an Organizational Culture: * The founder is the primary source of an organization’s culture * Founders create organizations at their own image * When founders are gone, culture is kept with: i. Stories: to em phasize culturally consistent assumptions, decisions, and actions ii. Heroes: people admired for their qualities and achievements within the organization. Successful Organizational Cultures: * Are Adaptable * Have employee involvement * Have a clear company vision * Are Consistent, Strong culture (even though strong cultures reduce adaptability) * Changing Organizational Cultures: * Culture has three levels: iii. Seen (surface level) iv. Heard (expressed values & beliefs) v. Believed (unconscious assumptions & beliefes) * Managers should only focus on the parts of the culture they can control, those are the surface level items and expressed values and beliefs